![]() A few smaller resources have been available for some sign languages, some of which may not be publicly available ( Gutiérrez-Sigut, Costello, Baus, & Carreiras, 2015 Mayberry, Hall, & Zvaigzne, 2014 Morford & MacFarlane, 2003 Vinson, Cormier, Denmark, Schembri, & Vigliocco, 2008). Large, publicly available normative databases for sign languages that provide information about a variety of lexical and phonological properties of lexical signs have been lacking. Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of these properties for spoken and written language processing, making lexical databases critical tools for testing hypotheses about the structure of the lexicon and the nature of word recognition and production. Many lexical databases for spoken languages have been created, compiling a large amount of detailed information about spoken and written words that allows researchers to examine and control for effects of variables like lexical frequency, neighborhood density (ND), orthographic or phonological length, morphological structure or lexical class (e.g., the English Lexicon Project, Balota et al., 2007). Lexical databases (systematically organized repositories of information about words in a language) have been crucial to making advances in linguistic and psycholinguistic research. Although many aspects of sign language processing are fundamentally the same as spoken languages, specific effects of modality-independent properties (e.g., lexical frequency, lexical class) and modality-dependent properties (e.g., iconicity, simultaneous phonological structure) on lexical organization and processing remain unclear. Linguistic theories have predominantly been built on research examining spoken languages and may have consequentially underrepresented linguistic properties that are characteristic and pervasive traits of sign language, such as iconicity-motivated relations between form and meaning ( Ferrara & Hodge, 2018). Understanding the structure and organization of the mental lexicon is critical to both linguistic and psycholinguistic theories of language. ![]() The complete ASL-LEX dataset and supplementary materials are available at and an interactive visualization of the entire lexicon can be accessed on the ASL-LEX page. Correlation analyses revealed that frequent signs were less iconic and phonologically simpler than infrequent signs and iconic signs tended to be phonologically simpler than less iconic signs. We document the steps used to create ASL-LEX 2.0 and describe the distributional characteristics for sign properties across the lexicon and examine the relationships among lexical and phonological properties of signs. ![]() For each sign, ASL-LEX now includes a more detailed phonological description, phonological density and complexity measures, frequency ratings (from deaf signers), iconicity ratings (from hearing non-signers and deaf signers), transparency (“guessability”) ratings (from non-signers), sign and videoclip durations, lexical class, and more. ![]() We report on the expanded database (ASL-LEX 2.0) that contains 2,723 ASL signs. ASL-LEX is a publicly available, large-scale lexical database for American Sign Language (ASL). ![]()
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